Have you ever wondered how your smartphone can store countless pictures, songs, or videos? Or, have you wondered when you download a podcast to your smartphone, where does it actually get stored? In this video, we will open up your smartphone and take a look at the inside of the memory storage microchip. This same microchip is also used to store data in solid-state drives, or SSDs in your computer, in tablets, and inside flash drives. The technology is called VNAND or V-NAND, and its incredible how engineers were able to fit such an insane amount of memory storage capacity in such a small space.

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Website: www.branch.education
Patreon: www.patreon.com/brancheducation
Written, animated, and edited- Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Voice Over- Phil Lee

Timestamps:
0:00 — Intro into SSDs
2:06 — Example of Saving a Picture
4:17 — Pixel Calculations
5:19 — Single Memory Cell
7:59 — Vertical Strings and Pages
10:34 — Control Gates of VNAND
12:00 — Calculations of Example Array
13:09 — True size of an SSD microchip
14:50 — Overall chip in an SSD
16:07 — Outro
16:32 — Creators comments
16:54 — Future Episodes

This video is part of a series that intends to thoroughly explain how SSDs, and more specifically how VNAND works. These are the episodes in the series:
1) [18min] Overview on how SSDs / VNAND / Smartphone storage works.
2) [3min] Quick/Abridged episode of the overview
3) How charge trap flash works. (details on a single memory cell)
4) How strings of memory cells work (details on a stack of memory cells)
5) How a massive array of memory cells are organized. (Terabit Cell Array Transistor, TCAT)
6) How is VNAND manufactured?
7) Possible episode on an analogy using a city

This video is unlisted. To see the original video with comments and ratings, go to www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNN_tTXABUA

Go inside the computer to uncover the inner workings of the CPU including the Control Unit, the ALU, registers and much more.
But How Do It Know website: www.buthowdoitknow.com/
See the 6502 CPU Simulation: visual6502.org/JSSim/index.html

The CPU design used in the video is copyrighted by John Scott, author of the book But How Do It Know?..

There are a few small differences between the CPU in the video and the one used in the book. Those differences are listed below but they should not detract from your understanding of either.

CONTROL UNIT — This component is called the Control Section in the book. It is called Control Unit here simply because that is a more common name for it that you might see used elsewhere.

LOAD INSTRUCTION — In this video, whats called a LOAD instruction is actually called a DATA instruction in the book. The Scott CPU uses two different instructions to move data from RAM into the CPU. One loads the very next piece of data (called a DATA instruction in the book) and the other uses another register to tell it which address to pull that data from (called a LOAD instruction in the book). The instruction was renamed in the video for two reasons: 1) It might be confusing to hear that the first type of data we encounter in RAM is itself also called DATA. 2) Since the LOAD instruction from the book is a more complex concept, it was easier to use the DATA instruction in the video to introduce the concept of moving data from RAM to the CPU.

IN and OUT INSTRUCTIONS — In the Scott CPU, there is more involved in moving data between the CPU and external devices than just an IN or an OUT instruction. That process was simplified in the video to make the introduction of the concept easier.

ACCUMULATOR — The register that holds the output of the ALU is called the Accumulator in the book. That is the name typically used for this register, although it was simply called a register in the video.

MEMORY ADDRESS REGISTER — The Memory Address Register is a part of RAM in the book, but it is a part of the CPU in the video. It was placed in the CPU in the video as this is generally where this register resides in real CPUs.

JUMP INSTRUCTIONS — In the book there are two types of unconditional JUMP instructions. One jumps to the address stored at the next address in RAM (this is the one used in the video) and the other jumps to an address that has already been stored in a register. These are called JMP and JMPR instructions in the book respectively.

MISSING COMPONENT — There is an additional component missing from the CPU in the video that is used to add 1 to the number stored in a register. This component is called «bus 1» in the book and it simply overrides the temporary register and sends the number 1 to the ALU as input B instead.

REVERSED COMPONENTS — The Instruction Register and the Instruction Address Register are in opposite positions in the diagrams used in the book. They are reversed in the video because the internal wiring of the control unit will be introduced in a subsequent video and keeping these registers in their original positions made that design process more difficult.

OP CODE WIRING — The wires used by the control unit to tell the ALU what type of operation to perform appear near the bottom of the ALU in the video, but near the top of the ALU in the book. They were reversed for a similar reason as the one listed above. The wiring of the ALU will be introduced in a subsequent video and keeping these wires at the top of the ALU made the design process more difficult.

When you first learned to write code, you probably realized that computers dont really have any common sense. You need to tell a computer exactly what you want. But do you know about all the work the computer does to understand what you mean?

0:00 Intro — Where Youve Seen Compilers
1:25 Source Code vs. Machine Code
3:38 Translating Source Code to Machine Code
9:05 How Compilers Make Things Easier
10:39 Outro — The Story of Automation

Twitter: twitter.com/frameofessence
Facebook: www.facebook.com/frameofessence
YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/frameofessence

Video links:

Crash Course Computer Science:
www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNlUrzyH5r6jN9ulIgZBpdo

Building the Bits and Qubits
youtu.be/F8U1d2Hqark

Tools used:
gdb
gcc

Monospaced font:
Menlo-Regular

Images and other visuals:

The IDE in the intro:
Eclipse

Python scripting:
IDLE

Source code distribution example:
Apache httpd on GitHub

Executable distribution examples:
Audacity
VLC media player
Blender

Punch cards:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Punched_card_program_deck.agr.jpg

Early computers:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BRL61-IBM_702.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_701console.jpg

Complex history of computer languages:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generational_list_of_programming_languages

Montage:
Sublime Text
IntelliJ IDEA
www.haskell.org/
IntelliJ IDEA again…

Print «Hello, world!» command:
Python shell

Music:

YouTube audio library:
Sunflower

Incompetech:
Call to Adventure
If I Had a Chicken

Premium Beat:
Cutting Edge Technology
Second Time Around

Swoosh 1 sound effect came from here:
soundbible.com/682-Swoosh-1.html
...and is under this license:
creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling /1.0/

How are microchips made — from sand to semiconductor: Microelectronics usually is hidden to society – however, it is a constant companion in our daily lives. It tremendously contributes to the ongoing development and digitization of our world. But what is actually behind this technology?

In this video we explain how microchips are made and what conditions are necessary for manufacturing.

Read more about microchip manufacturing and the importance of wafers or semiconductor chips here: www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/promopages/how-a-chip-is-made-video/
____________

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Infineon Technologies AG is a world leader in semiconductor solutions that make life easier, safer and greener. Microelectronics from Infineon is the key to a better future.

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#semiconductortechnology #microelectronics #chipmanufacturing #semiconductorchip

Ever wonder what’s under the hood of your favorite electronic device? The transistor is the engine that powers every Intel processor. To build a modern computer chip, our engineers place billions of these tiny switches into an area no larger than a fingernail. It’s one of mankind’s most complex feats, and it’s happening every day across Intel’s global network of chip manufacturing facilities. Check out this video to learn more about how we turn sand into the silicon chips that power the world.

Subscribe now to Intel on YouTube: bit.ly/1BZDtpf

About Intel:
Intel, the world leader in silicon innovation, develops technologies, products and initiatives to continually advance how people work and live. Founded in 1968 to build semiconductor memory products, Intel introduced the worlds first microprocessor in 1971. This decade, our mission is to create and extend computing technology to connect and enrich the lives of every person on earth.

Connect with Intel:
Visit Intel WEBSITE: intel.ly/1WXmVMe
Like Intel on FACEBOOK: intel.ly/1wrbYGi
Follow Intel on TWITTER: intel.ly/1wrbXC8
Follow Intel on INSTAGRAM: bit.ly/1OJuPTg

From Sand to Silicon: The Making of a Microchip | Intel
www.youtube.com/user/channelintel

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Patreon: www.patreon.com/H3Vtux

A short explanation of binary.

Upon reviewing the finished video I realized I made a mistake in some of my vocabulary. A byte can represent a number up to 255 but it can actually represent 256 different VALUES, as 0 is a value in and of itself. Rerecording and reanimating would be a painful process, so forgive me this mistake.

A common piece of advice for PC gamers is that you dont need tons of cores — but why are games often unable to take advantage of CPUs with many cores in the first place?

TunnelBear message: TunnelBear is the easy-to-use VPN app for mobile and desktop. Visit tunnelbear.com/linus to try it free and save 10% when you sign up for unlimited TunnelBear data.

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View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-computer-memory-works-kanawat-senanan

In many ways, our memories make us who we are, helping us remember our past, learn and retain skills, and plan for the future. And for the computers that often act as extensions of ourselves, memory plays much the same role. Kanawat Senanan explains how computer memory works.

Lesson by Kanawat Senanan, animation by TED-Ed.

Visit www.squarespace.com/LTT and use offer code LTT for 10% off

Thanks to Thermal Grizzly for sponsoring todays episode! Buy Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut on Amazon (PAID LINK) at lmg.gg/conductonaut

Pulled a Linus and dropped your CPU? Got a couple busted pins and want to fix them? Want to save a whole lot of money? We got you fam, we walk you through the process of fixing a Ryzen 3700x with broken pins and get it up and running again. Big thanks to Zettabit. lab and their video: lmg.gg/aHAAH
Also Ethan for trading the CPU for us to work on.

Solder mask: lmg.gg/TzGT4
Buy F2C 858D SMD Rework Station
On Amazon (PAID LINK): geni.us/a4LAE
Buy Brightech LightView PRO
On Amazon (PAID LINK): geni.us/nAqG9
Buy MG Chemicals 8341 No Clean Flux Paste
On Amazon (PAID LINK): geni.us/i9bbFnz
Buy Isopropyl Alcohol 99%
On Amazon (PAID LINK): geni.us/kon3A
Buy Heavy Duty Aluminium Foil
On Amazon (PAID LINK): geni.us/jYsdsaF

Purchases made through some store links may provide some compensation to Linus Media Group.

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Intro Screen Music Credit:
Title: Laszlo — Supernova
Video Link: www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKfxmFU3lWY
iTunes Download Link: itunes.apple.com/us/album/supernova/id936805712
Artist Link: soundcloud.com/laszlomusic

Outro Screen Music Credit: Approaching Nirvana — Sugar High www.youtube.com/approachingnirvana

Эту ОЗУ я использую в своем ПК: amzn.to/2KqHGwQ

Это анимированное руководство про ОЗУ. Темы включают как работает оперативная память, скорость ОЗУ, DRAM, SDRAM, Rambus RDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, и ECC.

#ОЗУ

Моя конфигурация ПК:
www.amazon.com/gp/registry/wishlist/I0ZAXJ8GKJX4/ref=cm_wl_list_o_1?